'Up only' for BTC fundamentals — 5 things to watch in Bitcoin this week

Bitcoin (BTC) starts the week with a slow drag downhill towards pivotal support at $40,000.

After bulls had something to celebrate last week, the current environment looks like a fresh dose of reality as BTC battles nervous stock markets, a resurgent U.S. dollar and more.

The picture is, as always, mixed — while spot price may not look too impressive, under the hood, Bitcoin is stronger than ever, and network participants are doubling down on their long-term commitments.

Add to that the slow decline of risky behavior on derivatives markets and the stage could be set for some sustainable price growth. Will it happen this week?

Cointelegraph presents five factors to consider in the coming days for BTC/USD.

Bitcoin tests new 50-day moving average support

After ten days of recovery, Bitcoin is now reckoning with the resistance levels absent from bulls' radar since the middle of January.

Having passed $45,500 late last week, the weekend saw relatively calm conditions as the daily chart nonetheless saw a series of lower lows.

The weekly close, the topic of interest Sunday as price action stayed practically in an identical place to the end of last week, ultimately disappointed — BTC/USD set a lower close of just under $42,000.

With that, however, comes the possibility of short-term upside to fill the CME futures "gap" now above spot price at near $42,400.

"Bitcoin is still just sitting in between support and resistance," popular commentator Matthew Hyland summarized Monday, adding that he was "relaxing" in the face of current price moves.

With support and resistance levels close by, trader and analyst Rekt Capital meanwhile reiterated BTC's relative weakness when it comes to reclaiming support levels on a macro scale.

Previously, he had identified two moving averages which needed to be reconfirmed as support in order for Bitcoin to have a shot at its all-time high from November.

#BTC is struggling to reclaim as support the Bull Market EMAs that constitute the mid-point of the macro re-accumulation range

As long as these EMAs remain as resistance, Bitcoin will occupy the lower half of this macro range$BTC #Crypto #Bitcoin pic.twitter.com/m79CLY7P0K

Closer to home, the 50-day moving average is being challenged as the new week begins after a week of action above, data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro and TradingView shows.

DXY sours risk asset mood

Bitcoin's reversal toward $40,000 may not be helped by an advancing U.S. dollar.

Since Feb. 4, the U.S. dollar currency index (DXY) has been on the rebound, cancelling a steep downtrend which had characterized the week prior.

That traditionally spells problems for risk assets, and as of Monday, DXY was trading back above the 96 mark.

For stocks, already uninspired by the potential for Federal Reserve rate hikes in March, the geopolitical situation involving Ukraine and Russia remains a factor providing nervousness this week.

"Over the past century, there were only four years where both stocks and bonds had a negative year," analyst Lyn Alden meanwhile noted.

Oil meanwhile continued on its journey to the $100 mark on the same tensions, Brent Crude futures passing $96 a barrel Monday.

As Cointelegraph reported, both oil and Bitcoin remain a macro pick for this year.

Spot price starts leading futures

Amid the rise to and the comedown from local highs, interesting activity has been taking place on Bitcoin derivatives markets.

As noted by Twitter monitors including Glassnode lead analyst Checkmate, open interest leverage has been disappearing from futures markets — and with it the risk of getting deleveraged or "liquidated."

This time, however, the reduction is not coming from a sweeping change in price knocking out positions. Instead, investors themselves are choosing to change their strategy.

"Bitcoin futures leverage has fallen significantly this week, falling from 2.0% of Market cap, to 1.75%," Checkmate tweeted Sunday alongside a chart showing the de-risking.

Regarding the relationship between spot and futures prices, fellow commentator Byzantine General added that there is now the potential for futures to begin trading below, rather than above spot price.

The divergence between the futures basis and spot is already "pretty significant," he added in his own post overnight.

Interesting, pretty significant basis to spot divergence here.

Quarterly futures basis keeps making new lows, flirting with backwardation. pic.twitter.com/hX9E7WKeSs

At the time of writing, CME futures were trading around $200 below spot price at exactly $42,000.

Hash rate follows difficulty to all-time highs

It's been a straight winning year for Bitcoin's network fundamentals so far, and this week is no exception.

Over the weekend, hash rate charts — an estimate of the processing power dedicated to mining — surged to new all-time highs.

While knowing the exact level of hashing power active on the Bitcoin network is impossible, hash rate estimates have shown a clear uptrend since the middle of last year, and the ecosystem took a matter of months to fully cancel out the impact of China's enforced miner migration.

Now, with the U.S. taking center stage for mining, it appears that it is a race to the top for participants.

Hash rate did NOT jump 58 EH/s in 24 hours.

Most network hash rate metrics are nothing more than estimates based on how fast blocks are coming in. On shorter time frames there is too much variability / randomness.

Few understand this. pic.twitter.com/l6FHMDOXXW

More easily measurable is Bitcoin's mining difficulty, which has also recovered fully after diving to take into account the reduced hashing activity post-China.

As of Monday, difficulty stood at 26.69 trillion, but moreover, its next automated adjustment will send it even higher still — over 27 trillion for the first time.

The adjustment will kick in in around three days, and represent approximately a 2.2% increase.

Keep on hodlin'

There is a firm sense of conviction among Bitcoin hodlers, and while this is common knowledge, the extent of their resolve is becoming clearer than ever.

Related: Top 5 cryptocurrencies to watch this week: BTC, XRP, CRO, FTT, THETA

As noted by the popular Twitter account known as PlanC, wallets thought to belong to long-term hodlers are increasing dramatically — and recent price action has only helped the trend.

Citing Glassnode data, PlanC noted that those entities, defined as wallets with a least two significant incoming transactions and zero outgoing transactions, have now hit an almost five-year high.

Since we broke below 50k, Accumulation Addresses have increased their balance by 193,957 #Bitcoin

Defined as addresses that have at least 2 incoming non-dust transfers and have never spent funds. #Crypto

Accumulation Address Balance, 57 Month High pic.twitter.com/sMU9o80JwT

The last days of January appear to have been particularly attractive to those seeking a position as BTC/USD returned to $40,000 after a two-week absence.

The data excludes exchange addresses and those over seven years old to reduce the likelihood of the target wallets containing "lost" BTC that the owner is no longer able to access.

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